IMF, G20 annual meeting focuses on supply chain issues, inflation

WASHINGTON: Global finance officials gathered in Washington on Wednesday were focused on finding a way to alleviate supply chain bottlenecks that are driving prices higher and threatening to derail the economic recovery.

As demand has spiked, suppliers have not been able to keep up: Ships are lined up outside American ports waiting to offload goods, US consumer inflation remained elevated in September, and global oil prices have jumped over $80 a barrel, the highest in years.

The global supply challenges are a key focus of meetings of the International Monetary Fund, the Group of 20 advanced economies and the smaller gathering of finance ministers from the Group of Seven.

Pandemic restrictions shuttered manufacturing and trade routes while suppliers, who are facing shortages of workers and truck drivers, have not been able to keep up with the sudden surge in demand for goods as economies began to reopen.

The disruptions, which some policymakers fear may be long-lasting, have hobbled the recovery momentum, prompting the IMF to cut growth forecasts for major economies like the United States and Germany.

G7 officials agreed to work together to monitor the difficulties. “Supply chain issues are being felt globally — and finance leaders from around the globe must collaborate to address our shared challenges,” said UK Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak, who chaired the meeting of the world’s richest nations. The World Bank estimates 8.5 percent of global container shipping is stalled in or around ports, twice as much as in January.

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Italy’s central bank chief Ignazio Visco agreed with the IMF and others who have said the inflation pressures are mostly due to short-term factors like the surge in demand and the supply issues. He acknowledged that “these may take months before fading away.”

G20 central bankers are studying the issue to see if there are “more structural factors at work” in the bigger-than-expected inflation spike, and “whether there is some component… that could become permanent,” Visco told reporters.

‘Never again’

Central bankers are walking a fine line between supporting the recovery with easy financial conditions while warding off a permanent increase in inflation. The G20 communique said central banks “will act as needed” to address price stability “while looking through inflation pressures where they are transitory.”

World Bank President David Malpass warned that some of the price spikes “will not be transitory.” “It will take time and cooperation of policymakers across the world to sort them out.”

IMF chief Kristalina Georgieva said the lag in vaccination rates to contain the pandemic in developing nations is contributing to the supply constraints, and “as long as it widens, this risk of interruptions in global supply chains is going to be higher.”

US President Joe Biden announced an initiative to ease the backlog by pushing for 24-hour service at ports and suppliers. He won the commitments to work extended hours from the leaders of the giant West Coast port of Los Angeles and the International Longshore and Warehouse Union, as well as from companies including Walmart, FedEx and UPS.

Biden said policies must be crafted to reduce reliance on single sources and boost domestic production to avoid such supply shocks. “Never again should our country and our economy be unable to make critical products we need because we don’t have access to materials we need,” Biden said. “Never again shall we have to rely too heavily on one company or one country.”

This was echoed by French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire, who told reporters on the sidelines of the meetings: “The answer lies in one word: independence.”