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Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and severity of heatwaves in Pakistan, leading to some of the highest temperatures globally in recent years.
The Meteorological Department has issued a warning about severe heatwaves expected to affect most parts of the country over the next 10 days. High pressure in the upper atmosphere is causing heatwave conditions, particularly in Punjab and Sindh, from May 21, with an even more intense heatwave forecasted from May 23 to 27.
Daytime temperatures in Sindh and Punjab are predicted to be 4 to 6 degrees Celsius above normal from May 21 to 23, and 6 to 8 degrees Celsius higher from May 23 to 27.
Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can cause illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and hyperthermia. It can also exacerbate chronic conditions such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as diabetes-related issues, potentially leading to acute incidents like strokes or renal disease hospitalizations.
What to do in a heat wave?
Keep Your Home Cool
- Close curtains during the hottest part of the day and open windows at night to let in cooler air.
- Use fans and coolers if available.
Stay Out of the Heat
- Avoid going outside during the hottest times of the day. Schedule activities for early morning or late evening when it’s cooler.
- When outside, use sunscreen, seek shade, and wear hats or use umbrellas for protection.
Stay Cool and Hydrated
- Drink water regularly before you feel thirsty.
- Wear light, loose-fitting clothing, preferably cotton, to stay cool and reduce the risk of heat rashes. Use cotton bed sheets for better comfort.
- Carry a water bottle and a small towel to stay hydrated and cool down by placing a wet towel on your neck.
- Check for local heat relief or cooling centers, or use waiting areas in health facilities as temporary cooling shelters.
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
- Profuse sweating or no sweating with hot, red, or flushed dry skin
- Weakness, lethargy, chills, throbbing headache
- High body temperature, hallucinations, confusion, dizziness, slurred speech
If someone shows severe symptoms, seek immediate medical attention by calling an ambulance or arranging transportation to a health facility.