Global trade will plunge by a third in 2020 amid pandemic: WTO

GENEVA: The World Trade Organisation has warned global trade growth is expected to plummet by up to a third in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic.

“World trade is expected to fall by between 13 percent and 32 percent in 2020 as the COVID-19 pandemic disrupts normal economic activity and life around the world,” the WTO said in a statement.

WTO chief Roberto Azevedo warned the downturn “may well be the deepest economic recession or downturn of our lifetimes”, adding there was a wide range of possibilities for how trade would be hit by the unprecedented health crisis.

In its main annual forecast, WTO pointed out that trade had already been slowing in 2019, before the emergence of the novel coronavirus. Global trade, already hit by trade tensions and uncertainties around Brexit, is expected to register “double-digit declines in trade volumes” in nearly all regions this year, the WTO said.

“This crisis is first and foremost a health crisis which has forced governments to take unprecedented measures to protect people’s lives,” Azevedo said in a statement. “The unavoidable declines in trade and output will have painful consequences for households and businesses, on top of the human suffering caused by the disease itself,” he said.

Before the current crisis, trade tensions, uncertainty and slowing economic growth weighed on global merchandise trade, which registered a slight decline of 0.1 percent in 2019 after rising 2.9 percent a year earlier. The dollar value of world merchandise exports fell by three percent to $18.89 trillion, the WTO said.

World commercial services trade fared better last year, with exports in dollar terms rising by two percent to $6.03 trillion, but the expansion was far slower than in 2018, when services trade increased by nine percent, said the WTO.

The WTO said that while the global shock might invite comparisons to the financial crisis of 2008-2009, the situation now was worse. “Restrictions on movement and social distancing to slow the spread of the disease mean that labour supply, transport and travel are today directly affected in ways they were not during the financial crisis,” it said.

“Whole sectors of national economies have been shut down, including hotels, restaurants, non-essential retail trade, tourism and significant shares of manufacturing.”

WTO said that developments remained very uncertain and an optimistic outlook suggests that a sharp drop in trade will be followed by a recovery starting in the second half of 2020, said the organisation. A more pessimistic view is that the initial decline will be steeper and the recovery will be “prolonged and incomplete”.

“Under both scenarios, all regions will suffer double-digit declines in exports and imports in 2020”, it said, adding that North America and Asia would be hardest hit.