Pakistan has confirmed its fourth case of the mpox virus in Peshawar, according to Dr. Irshad Ali Roghani, the Public Health Director of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Earlier this month, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the recent outbreak of mpox a public health emergency of international concern after identifying a new variant, Clade 1b. This variant has raised global alarm due to its ease of transmission through routine close contact.

What is mpox?

Mpox is a rare disease caused by the mpox virus, which primarily affects rodents like rats and mice, as well as nonhuman primates such as monkeys, though it can also infect humans. The disease is typically found in Central and West Africa, with cases outside the continent often linked to international travel, imported animals, or close contact with infected individuals.

Symptoms of mpox

Symptoms of mpox may appear 3 to 17 days after exposure, with the incubation period varying for each individual. Symptoms typically last 2 to 4 weeks and may include:

1. Fever
2. Skin rash
3. Swollen lymph nodes
4. Headache
5. Muscle aches and backaches
6. Chills
7. Tiredness
8. A skin rash usually develops 1 to 4 days after the onset of fever.

How to protect yourself

The mpox virus spreads through close contact with infected animals or people and can also be transmitted by handling materials, such as blankets, that have come into contact with an infected individual. To reduce the risk of infection:

• Avoid close contact with anyone displaying a rash resembling mpox.
• Do not handle clothing, sheets, or materials that may have been in contact with an infected person or animal.
• Isolate individuals with mpox from healthy individuals.
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after contact with an infected person or animal; use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are unavailable.
• Avoid animals that may carry the virus.

Is there a cure?

Treatment for mpox primarily focuses on relieving symptoms. Care may include managing skin damage from the rash, ensuring adequate hydration, and pain management. Individuals with mpox should isolate at home in a separate room from family and pets until their rash and scabs heal.

There is currently no specific treatment approved for mpox, but healthcare professionals may use antiviral medications.